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Investment Glossary

SAFE (Simple Agreement for Future Equity)

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A contract that grants future equity in exchange for early-stage investment without setting an immediate valuation.

SEM (Search Engine Marketing)

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The use of paid advertising to increase a website's visibility in search engine results.

SEO (Search Engine Optimization)

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The practice of optimizing content and websites to rank higher in search engine results.

Saturation

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The point at which a market becomes fully served by existing products or services, limiting further growth.

Scalability

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The ability of a business, system, or product to handle growth efficiently without compromising performance.

Secondary Market

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A marketplace where investors buy and sell securities that were previously issued in the primary market.

Secondary Sale

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The sale of existing shares by shareholders rather than the issuance of new shares by a company.

Securities

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Financial instruments that hold monetary value, such as stocks, bonds, or options, representing ownership or debt.

Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC)

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The U.S. regulatory agency responsible for overseeing securities markets and protecting investors.

Seed Capital

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Early-stage funding used to start a business.

Seed Round

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The initial round of funding for a startup, usually from angel investors or early-stage venture capital firms.

Series A or Venture Capital

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The first significant round of funding for a startup, typically provided by venture capitalists to scale operations.

Series A, B, C Funding

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Successive rounds of venture capital financing, each stage signifying a company's growth and need for further investment.

Serviceable Available Market (SAM)

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The portion of the total addressable market (TAM) that a company can realistically target with its products or services.

Serviceable Obtainable Market (SOM)

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The portion of the serviceable available market (SAM) that a company can realistically capture and serve.

Share Price

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The market price of a single share of a company's stock.

Shareholder

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An individual or entity that owns shares in a company, giving them ownership rights and potential dividends.

Side Letter

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A separate agreement between an investor and a company that modifies the terms of a standard investment contract.

Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises (SMEs)

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Businesses with a limited number of employees and revenue, as defined by country-specific regulations.

Software as a Service (SaaS)

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A cloud-based software delivery model where applications are accessed online rather than installed on local devices.

Special Purpose Vehicle (SPV)

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A legal entity created for a specific financial purpose, such as holding investments or managing assets separately from a parent company.

Startup

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A newly established business focused on innovation, rapid growth, and scalability, often funded by investors.

Stock Exchange

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A marketplace where securities, such as stocks and bonds, are bought and sold.

Strategy

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A long-term plan outlining how a business will achieve its goals and competitive advantage.

Success Fee

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A payment made to advisors or investment bankers based on the successful completion of a deal, such as a merger or fundraising round.

Surveys

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Research tools used to collect data and insights from a target audience for decision-making and marketing strategies.

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